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Whilst Marcuse’s connection between a philosophy of technology and a philosophy of nature was important and is still generally lacking in much modern philosophical work purportedly concerned with the technological phenomenon as a whole, it cannot be ignored that some of his reasoning in this context remains confusing and abruptly alters course away from his much earlier concern with “concrete philosophy” and praxis.Īlthough Marcuse had discussed technology throughout his career, by the late 1960s and 70s, he began calling not merely for a new approach to technology, but a “new science” and a “new technology” which would work alongside nature in order to fulfill its inherently liberating potentialities.
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Over what follows, I will attempt to defend Marcuse’s view from the first prong of Habermas’ critique, with the remainder of the discussion to be directed toward Marcuse’s vision of the inherent, semi-teleological potential of nature. The critique of the former consists of a two-pronged attack, one aimed at Marcuse’s concepts of a new science and technology, the other directed toward his view of nature. 1 However, although prescient in many ways, Marcuse’s views on the topic of the exploitation of nature by our technologies were also problematic, and have subsequently faced criticisms from Habermas and others. Keywords: Theory of Echnology, Marcuse, Nature.Īs his Frankfurt School colleague Jürgen Habermas observed: «Long before the Club of Rome, Marcuse fought against “the hideous concept of progressive productivity according to which nature is there gratis in order to be exploited”».
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Marcuse was an early critic of what he considered to be the exploitative, predatory approach to nature brought about through the direction of technology, industry and science under consumer capitalism, however his alternative a “new science” and “new technology” which would treat nature as an “ally” in the general struggle for liberation and emancipation, was not without its problems. Technology and nature: a defence and critique of MarcuseĪbstract: In this paper I intend to discuss the relation of Marcuse’s theory of technology to its grounding in the possibilities he believed lay inherent, but as yet untapped in nature.